I am going to take you to an often overlooked section of Yosemite National Park, the Pioneer History Center in Wawona. Wawona is usually accessed upon entering the park from the South entrance, but can be reached from the valley as well. This site is where the people instrumental in building the park are honored. While their stories are not well known their efforts, experiences, and issues faced during the establishment of the national park need to be recognized.
The PYNC is NOT a village, but a gathering of eight historic structures representing different eras in Yosemite's history. These buildings were moved here over 40 years ago from other parts of the park where they were constructed over 100 years ago in an effort to protect them. Each structure represents a different chapter in the Yosemite story.
Why Wawona you ask? The covered bridge over the river is the only one in any of the national parks. It was built in 1857 by Galen Clark who opened the first stop for visitors in Wawona. Later, it was bought and covered by the Washburns. In the late 1800's Wawona was the largest stage stop in Yosemite with all traffic having to stop here.
Once manned by costumed volunteers interpreting Yosemite's history on a daily basis, today visitors can take a self guided walk using the interpretive plaques in front of each of the buildings or join a guided history tour with a ranger. Otherwise, the buildings are opened annually on the Fourth of July. So let's travel back in time to the days of the park's pioneers and learn some of Yosemite's history.
THE ARTISTS' STUDIO
GEORGE ANDERSON'S CABIN
George Anderson, a Scottish sailor turned gold seeker, built a floorless, primitive house in the 1870's in Foresta where he resided in the winter. Summers were spent in Yosemite Valley where he worked as a blacksmith. When Half Dome was declared to be one of the only prominent points in Yosemite that would probably never be trodden by human foot In 1871 master trail builder John Conway and his sons were some of the first who took up the challenge. Barefoot (can you imagine-you've seen Half Dome!!) they went up the east slope and drove spikes into fissures in the rock, tying rope around each pin for 200 feet. Above this the had had no fissures unless they drilled so they quit. Along came George who finished the trail by drilling his way all the way to the top inserting bolts 5-6 feet apart and fastening his rope to each. He finished on October 12, 1875 then since everyone wanted to climb it he hired out as a guide.
THE HOMESTEAD CABIN
Most of us know about the Homestead Act of 1862 which allowed any citizen to settle on land that belonged to the National government by claiming a plot of 160 acres or multiples thereof. It required you to build on it, clear portions of it, and farm it. After five years it would belong to you. Without the homesteader Yosemite National Park would still be the domain of the sheepherder, cattleman, hunter, miner and trapper. You would have only been able to see the valley by horse or mule back for many more years. The homesteader built the first primitive trails, roads, took in guests, acted as guides, and spread the word of Yosemite's wonders.
THE BLACKSMITH
Without the blacksmith all metal work wouldn't get done. Most people think he only shoed horses but a blacksmith does it all including forging hooks or hinges for doors and gates, spits for fireplaces, wagon rims, or lid lifters for your stoves. By 1900 many people made the trip here on horseback or horse drawn stage taking eight hours to go 25 miles from Wawona to Yosemite Valley. A four horse stage changed horses four times in one trip-that's 16 horses-get the picture? This man was VERY important.
THE CAVALRY OFFICE
THE RANGER PATROL CABIN
During 1914 Civilian rangers who became part of the National Park Service when it was created two years later replaced the Army in managing and protecting the park. Can you imagine the work load of 15 men (5 full time and 10 part time)most of whom were former Army scouts,replacing 150 Cavalry officers? Their duties were made even more difficult by the fact that automobiles were now allowed to enter the park. Buildings were built by the Cavalry for $150.98 in supplies and $685.36 for labor and were turned over to the park when they left. They served three purposes: a checkpoint and patrol base for an important are of the park, a ranger may need one as a refuge when on long patrol (some were gone over 30 days), and as a refuge for tourists caught in a storm, falling ill on a trail, injured or lost. It would be unlocked with a supply of firewood and a small supply of food staples all of which were to be replaced. This particular cabin was located in Crane Flat , just south of the Tioga Road and Big Oak Flat Road junction, about 15 miles from the valley. All cars were required to stop here for their tick of passage $5. . Rangers were paid $100 a month in salary, but they had a great outdoor life albeit primitive
DEGNAN'S BAKERY
This is my favorite building because I portray Bridget Degnan who came to
She turned her dining room into a restaurant to keep up with the increasing visitors and their demands. In 1900 she commissioned an oven builder in San Francisco to make a fuel powered masonry and brick oven capable of baking 100 loaves at a time. The oven you see in the picture is that oven and measures 13'X13'X17 1/2". She made 300-400 loaves of bread a day along with other baked goods. Bridget was the first independent concessionaire in Yosemite and the family kept this concession until 1975 when the park demanded that they leave National Park land..
THE WELLS FARGO OFFICE
The Washburns obtained a Wells Fargo & Co. franchise in 1883. This 24 sq ft building was built in 1910and included living quarters for the manager. A telegraph was in use, a safe provided limited banking facilities and a telephone came in 1907. The agent could buy, sell, store and ship gold. Reservations for the hotel in the valley could be made here as well as travel arrangements. In 1930 stagecoaches were replaced by motorbuses, but autos could only go as far as Wawona.
POWDERHOUSE AND JAIL
The black powder and dynamite used in the routine state work in Yosemite Valley was kept in this stone building originally located in the old Upper Village in Yosemite Valley. It was built by John Degnan and had 6" of sand in the ceiling for protection from fire. Later the powder house was converted into a jail, but a very poor one. In 1915 two young car thieves escaped by digging away the mortar between the rocks with a leg the twisted off the cot. After that they embedded horseshoes in the floor for a chain base. Sometimes this building also served as a morgue.
Our annual FOURTH OF JULY festivities are free (except for stage coach rides). . The schedule is as follows:
10-12 a.m. All historical buildings are open for viewing. Stage coach rides are available.
12-2:00 p.m. Closed for lunch
2--2:30 Welcome in front of the Grey Barn, viewing of the stagecoach arrival, patriotic speeches
and patriotic songs are sung by the audience
2:30-4:00 p.m. Buckshot invites all to join in for the games: sac race, 3 legged race, egg toss, tug of
4:00 p.m. PYHC closed
5-7:00 p.m. Barbecue (fee) sponsored by the Wawona Hotel on the lawn in front of the hotel
8-10:00 p.m. Barn Dance in the grey barn (free) all ages welcome. Live band and caller. Beginners
welcome-caller teaches the dances as you go with the help of volunteers.
STAGECOACH RIDES -Experience horse drawn travel with a 10 minute stage ride driven by a two horse team and "Buckshot". Tickets can be purchased in the Wells Fargo Stage office in the PYHC , $4 adults, $3 for children 3-12 ongoing Th,F,Sat, and Sundays 10-12:00 and 2-4:00 p.m.. All summer long.
Have I convinced you to stop by the Pioneer Yosemite History Center on your next visit to the park? I hope so..... see you next Fourth!!!